Background: Quiescent CD4+ T lymphocytes are a reservoir for the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) in adults treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy, and in whom HIV-1 cannot be isolated using standard culture techniques. A reservoir of latently infected, resting CD4+ T lymphocytes has not been reported in children.

Methods: A quantitative, microculture assay of highly purified(>99% purity) resting CD4+ T lymphocytes was used to measure the frequency of resting CD4+ T lymphocytes harboring replication competent virus in 14 children with perinatally acquired HIV-1 infection.

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