Abstract
Chronic ectopic pacing in the adult heart induces myocardial hypotrophy close to the pacing site. We have recently described a similar localized decrease of compact myocardium thickness in the chick embryonic heart after 48 h of intermittent apical ventricular pacing. Here we analyze the cellular mechanisms underlying the response of the embryonic heart to pacing. Because the developing heart had been found to adjust its morphology according to functional demands by undergoing cellular hyperplasia or hypoplasia, we hypothesized that the stimulation should result in hypoplasia of the apical ventricular compartment. Morphologic analysis of hearts submitted to 18 h of effective pacing during 48 h showed a mild to moderate ventricular dilatation, a 28% decrease in the apical compact layer thickness with no changes in other ventricular locations, and atrial wall thickening. These modifications were caused by changes in the number of cell layers, whereas cell size was similar between paced and control hearts. Analysis of proliferative activity after 24 h of pacing showed a decrease of 32% in the rate of cell proliferation limited to the apical compact layer exposed to stimulation. No ultrastructural injury or increased cell death was found. These changes were accompanied by down-regulation of the myocardial growth factor fibroblast growth factor-2 but no differences were found in the expression of platelet-derived growth factor. Thus, chronic intermittent ventricular pacing induces myocardial remodeling in the chick embryonic heart, on the basis of locally regulated rates of cell proliferation.
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Abbreviations
- FGF-2:
-
fibroblast growth factor-2
- PDGF:
-
platelet-derived growth factor
- SEM:
-
scanning electron microscopy
- TEM:
-
transmission electron microscopy
- TUNEL:
-
terminal transferase undyl nick end labeling
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Acknowledgements
The authors appreciate the skillful technical assistance of Mauricette Capt, Ariane Gerber, Claude Verdan, and Mauricette Vuillemin. Dr. Pierre Dutoit wrote the routines for construction of spatio-temporal maps in National Institutes of Health Image.
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Supported by the Theo Rossi di Montelera Foundation, Medtronic, Tolochenaz, Switzerland, and Swiss Cardiology Foundation.
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Sedmera, D., Grobéty, M., Reymond, C. et al. Pacing-Induced Ventricular Remodeling in the Chick Embryonic Heart. Pediatr Res 45, 845–852 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1203/00006450-199906000-00011
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1203/00006450-199906000-00011
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