Abstract
The expression of specific growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is of importance during brain development and in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. VEGF and TGF-β1 was studied in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of neonates with posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHHC) and nonhemorrhagic hydrocephalus. For determining the interference of inflammatory cytokine interaction with the expression of VEGF and TGF-β1, IL-6 and IL-10 CSF concentrations were measured. Eighteen neonates who had PHHC and underwent serial reservoir puncture and nine neonates who had congenital nonhemorrhagic hydrocephalus (CHC) and underwent first shunt surgery were included in the study. CSF samples of 11 neonates with lumbar puncture for the exclusion of meningitis served as control subjects. VEGF, TGF-β1, IL-6, and IL-10 concentrations in the CSF were measured by ELISA technique. VEGF concentrations in the CSF of patients with PHHC were significantly higher (median: 377 pg/mL; range: 101–1301 pg/mL) when compared with patients with CHC (median: 66 pg/mL; range: 3–1991; p < 0.001) and control subjects (median: 2 pg/mL; range: 0–12 pg/mL; p < 0.0001). TGF-β1 CSF concentrations did not differ from control infants in all groups. Median IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations in the CSF were found to be low in all patient groups. Increased release of VEGF in the CSF of neonates with PHHC and nonhemorrhagic hydrocephalus may serve as an indicator of brain injury from progressive ventricular dilation. TGF-β1 CSF concentrations are not elevated in the phase of acute fibroproliferative reactions in patients with PHHC.
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Abbreviations
- CHC:
-
congenital hydrocephalus
- CSF:
-
cerebrospinal fluid
- ICH:
-
intracerebral hemorrhage
- ICP:
-
intracerebral pressure
- IVH:
-
intraventricular hemorrhage
- PHHC:
-
posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus
- TGF-β1:
-
transforming growth factor-β1
- VEGF:
-
vascular endothelial growth factor
- WMD:
-
white matter disease
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Acknowledgements
We gratefully acknowledge the skilled technical assistance by Anne Thiel and Martina Schmidt and the statistical support by R. Fimmers.
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This study was supported by BMBF grant Z 01ZZ0101.
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Heep, A., Stoffel-Wagner, B., Bartmann, P. et al. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Are Highly Expressed in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Premature Infants with Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus. Pediatr Res 56, 768–774 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1203/01.PDR.0000141524.32142.53
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1203/01.PDR.0000141524.32142.53
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