Abstract
IGF-1 is a growth-promoting hormone. Numerous studies have reported higher systemic concentrations of IGF-1 among African Americans (AA) compared with European Americans (EA) before puberty. We conducted this cross-sectional analysis to determine whether African ancestral genetic background, dietary factors, energy expenditure, adiposity, and socioeconomic status contribute to this difference. Children were prepubertal, AA and EA males and females. Genetic admixture was assessed from ~20 ancestry informative genetic markers. Body composition was determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry; intake of energy, carbohydrate, protein, and fat by 24-h dietary recall; activity-related energy expenditure by doubly labeled water and indirect calorimetry; and socioeconomic status (SES) according to the Hollingshead scale. IGF-1 and IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) were measured using immunoradiometric assays. AA children had significantly greater IGF-1 compared with EA children (p < 0.01). In addition, AA children had lower SES and greater protein intake relative to EAs (p < 0.05 for both). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the only significant independent predictors of IGF-1 were IGFBP-3 and African admixture (p < 0.01 for both). Thus, our data suggest that the greater IGF-1 of AA relative to EA children could have a genetic basis.
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Abbreviations
- AA:
-
African American
- AEE:
-
activity-related energy expenditure
- AFADM:
-
African admixture
- EA:
-
European American
- GH:
-
growth hormone
- IGF-1:
-
insulin-like growth factor-1
- IGFBP-3:
-
insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3
- SES:
-
socioeconomic status
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank Tena Hilario-Hailey and the VICTORY study team for subject recruitment, study coordination, and data management, and the laboratory of Dr. Mark Shriver at the Pennsylvania State University for genotyping of ancestry informative markers. We also thank Betty Darnell for performing anthropometric measures, and the nurses and staff of the GCRC.
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Supported by National Institutes of Health grants R01-DK49779 and R01-DK-51684, General Clinical Center Grant M01-RR00032, and Clinical Nutrition Research Unit Grant P30-DK56336. P.B.H. is supported in part by the Buris R. Boshell Scholarship in Medicine from the Diabetes Trust Fund of Alabama.
These data were presented in part as a poster at the North American Association for the Study of Obesity annual meeting, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 2003.
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Higgins, P., Fernández, J., Goran, M. et al. Early Ethnic Difference in Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Is Associated with African Genetic Admixture. Pediatr Res 58, 850–854 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1203/01.PDR.0000182583.92130.08
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1203/01.PDR.0000182583.92130.08
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