Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) serve as cell signaling molecules for normal biologic processes. However, the generation of ROS can also provoke damage to multiple cellular organelles and processes, which can ultimately disrupt normal physiology. An imbalance between the production of ROS and the antioxidant defenses that protect cells has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases, such as cancer, asthma, pulmonary hypertension, and retinopathy. The nature of the injury will ultimately depend on specific molecular interactions, cellular locations, and timing of the insult. This review will outline the origins of endogenous and exogenously generated ROS. The molecular, cellular, pathologic, and physiologic targets will then be discussed with a particular emphasis on aspects relevant to child development. Finally, antioxidant defenses that scavenge ROS and mitigate associated toxicities will be presented, with a discussion of potential therapeutic approaches for the prevention and/or treatment of human diseases using enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants.
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Abbreviations
- BPD:
-
bronchopulmonary dysplasia
- H2O2:
-
hydrogen peroxide
- HO·:
-
hydroxyl radical
- NAC:
-
n-acetylcysteine
- NOX:
-
NAD(P)H oxidase
- ROS:
-
reactive oxygen species
- SOD:
-
superoxide dismutase
- O2·−:
-
superoxide
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The Role of Oxygen in Health and Disease - A Series of Reviews
This is the fourth article in the series of reviews focusing on the role that oxygen plays in health and disease. In this review Drs. Auten and Davis discuss reactive oxygen species (ROS) and signaling molecules for biological processes that contribute to adaptive or maladaptive molecular responses. The review also focuses on developmental molecular targets and therapeutic interventions such as antioxidant defenses and therapies.
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Auten, R., Davis, J. Oxygen Toxicity and Reactive Oxygen Species: The Devil Is in the Details. Pediatr Res 66, 121–127 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1203/PDR.0b013e3181a9eafb
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