Fig. 4: The ROS scavenger NAC, a putative CK2 activator spermidine, and a PLD effector phosphatidic acid counteract the lifespan shortening and age-related biomarkers induced by pld-1 knockdown.

Age-synchronized L4 larvae were fed on control RNAi or pld-1 RNAi plates containing NAC (6 or 9 μM), spermidine (SPM, 0.2 μM), or phosphatidic acid (PA, 30 μM) under standard conditions. a Viability was scored as movement away from pick touch at the indicated days. Representative data from three independent RNAi experiments are shown (n = 50 per condition). b The fluorescence intensity was quantified using ImageJ software by determining the average pixel intensity (n = 50 per condition). Data are shown as the means ± SEM. Bars that do not share a common letter (a, b, c, d, e) are significantly different among groups at P < 0.05. c The average velocity of individual nematodes were measured at day 1 of adulthood (n = 28 per condition). Data are shown as the means ± SEM. Bars that do not share a common letter (a, b, c) are significantly different among groups at P < 0.05. d Survival curves of nematodes at 35 °C. Nematodes at day 1 of adulthood were scored every 2 h for viability (n = 50 per condition). e Survival curves of nematodes after exposure to 5 mM H₂O₂ for 5 h. Nematodes at day 1 of adulthood were scored every 4 h for viability (n = 50 per condition). Viability was scored as movement away from pick touch at the indicated hours