Fig. 2: Overexpression of Cldn11 reduces RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis associated with signaling and marker genes.

a–c BMMs were transduced with pMX or pMX-Cldn11 retrovirus and (a) then cultured in the presence of M-CSF (30 ng/mL) and RANKL (100 ng/mL) for the indicated time. b, c Infected BMMs were serum starved for 6 h and stimulated with RANKL (100 ng/mL) for the indicated time points. Total cell lysates were analyzed by performing western blotting with the indicated antibodies. β-Actin was used as an internal control. d BMMs were transduced with pMX or pMX-Cldn11 retrovirus and cultured in the presence of M-CSF (30 ng/mL) and RANKL (100 ng/mL) for the indicated times. The mRNA expression of the indicated genes was analyzed by performing quantitative real time RT-PCR. Data are presented as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P <0.001 vs. the pMX (control) of the indicated time point, respectively