Fig. 2: Intranasally administered TAT-TVTSP efficiently blocks airway inflammation in a Der f 2-induced acute allergic asthma model. | Experimental & Molecular Medicine

Fig. 2: Intranasally administered TAT-TVTSP efficiently blocks airway inflammation in a Der f 2-induced acute allergic asthma model.

From: Therapeutic potential of a phospholipase D1 inhibitory peptide fused with a cell-penetrating peptide as a novel anti-asthmatic drug in a Der f 2-induced airway inflammation model

Fig. 2

a Schedule for the allergic airway inflammation model. b Saline or TAT-TVTSP-FAM (10 mg/kg) was intranasally administered in Der f 2-induced allergic asthma mouse models. After 2 h, tracheas and bronchioles were prepared for fluorescence microscopy. Scale bar, 50 µm. c Lung tissues were sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) for histological examination. Scale bar, 100 µm. d IL-13 levels in homogenates of the right lung of each mouse were measured by ELISA. The results are expressed as the means ± SD of 15 mice in each group. ***P < 0.001 compared with TAT-TVTSP + Der f 2/TAT + Der f 2. e The Penh value was determined by airway resistance to methacholine. The results are the means ± SD of 15 mice in each group. *P < 0.05 compared with TAT-TVTSP + Der f 2/TAT + Der f 2 at 12.5 mg/kg or at 25 mg/kg methacholine. **P < 0.01 compared with TAT-TVTSP + Der f 2/TAT + Der f 2 at 50 mg/kg methacholine. f Numbers of immune cells in BAL fluid. The data are presented as the means ± SD of 15 mice in each group. *P < 0.05 compared with TAT-TVTSP + Der f 2/TAT + Der f 2 in total cells or in macrophages. **P < 0.01 compared with TAT-TVTSP + Der f 2/TAT + Der f 2 in eosinophils, neutrophils, or lymphocytes. All differences were assessed by Student’s t-test

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