Fig. 1: The relationship between the onset of scoliosis and serum estrogen levels in bipedal rats.

a At 15th week after surgery, an obvious curve was observed on the radiographs from the female group and OVX + E2 group compared to the OVX, Triptorelin, and male groups. b Serum estrogen levels in all groups. At 15th week after surgery, significantly lower circulating serum estrogen levels were observed in the OVX group, Triptorelin group, and male group than in the female group (p < 0.05); *p < 0.05 compared with the female group