Fig. 2: Characterization of short-term exposure to cigarette smoke.

a–d The mice were exposed to cigarette smoke for 4 days using an inhalation box. a Cellularity in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. P < 0.0001 using two-way analysis of variance. b Mean linear intercept (MLI) (n = 6 per group). c Caspase-3/7 and elastase activities were measured in 10 μg of lung lysate (n = 11 per group). P-values were determined by the Mann–Whitney test (b–d)