Fig. 3: PAK4-mediated signaling pathways in cancer. | Experimental & Molecular Medicine

Fig. 3: PAK4-mediated signaling pathways in cancer.

From: PAK4 signaling in health and disease: defining the PAK4–CREB axis

Fig. 3

PAK4 is activated by various extracellular signals through receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), ERs, ARs, and WNT-FZD receptors. Activated PAK4 regulates cell proliferation, survival, invasion, metastasis, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and drug resistance in cancers (see the main text for a detailed description). In GPCR and RTK signaling, PKA and Ras, respectively, function upstream of PAK4. The upstream regulators of PAK4 in ER/AR and WNT signaling remain to be determined. HGF hepatocyte growth factor, LPS lipopolysaccharide

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