Table 2 Summary of biomarker candidate proteins in extracellular vesicles from different cancers
Cancer type | Cancer-specific EV proteins | Isolation of EVs | Characterization | Sample source | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bladder cancer | EDIL-3 | UC | WB, TEM | TCC, T24, SV-HUC, and urine | Beckham et al.59 |
UC | TEM, NTA | TCCSUP, T24, UMUC3, RT3 SVHUC, and urine | Silvers et al.60 | ||
ITGB1, ITGA6, CD36, CD44, CD73, CD10, MUC1, BSG, and 5T4 | UC | NTA, TEM, and WB | HT1376, urine | Welton et al.34 | |
UC | NTA, TEM, and WB | T24, FL3, and SLT4 | Jeppesen et al.61 | ||
Colon cancer | HGS | ExoQuick | NTA, TEM, and WB | HCT116 | Sun et al.62 |
Clstn1, VCP, and RuVB-like1 (O-GlcNAcylation) | UC | TEM, WB | CCD841, HT29, SW480, and SW620 | Chaiyawat et al.63 | |
F2 | BDG | NTA, TEM, and WB | SW480, SW620 | Schillaci et al.64 | |
YWHAZ | UC | HCT116, patient colon tumor | Hillary et al.65 | ||
ACACA | UC | Citrus-limon, SW480 | Raimondo et al.66 | ||
UC | NTA, WB | SW620 | Guo et al.67 | ||
EPCAM-CLDN7 and TNIK-RAP2A | BDG | NTA, TEM, and WB | SW480, SW620 | Ji et al.53 | |
BDG | NTA, TEM, and WB | Patient tumor | Choi et al.26 | ||
BDG | NTA, TEM, and WB | HT-29 | Choi et al.27 | ||
GPA33, CDH17, CEA, EpCAM, PCNA, EGFR, MUC13, MINK1, KRT18, MAPK4, CLDN (1, 3, and 7), CEP55, EFNB1, and EFNB2 | TEM, WB | LIM1215 cells, urine, mast and cells | Suresh et al.33 | ||
UC | NTA, TEM, and WB | Dks-8, DLD-1, and DKO-1 | Demory et al.68 | ||
BDG | NTA, TEM, and WB | SW480, SW620 | Choi et al.69 | ||
DKK4 and DNMT3A | UC | TEM, WB | SW480, SW480APC | Lim et al.70 | |
MAC2BP, ALIX, 14–3–3 isoforms, PFN1, CALU, and IL-8 | UC | TEM | LIM1215 cells | Ji et al.71 | |
Prostate cancer | UC | DLS, TEM | pc3-HSP27, HEK-293 | Rauschenberger et al.72 | |
UC | PC3, DU145, VCaP, LNCaP, C4–2, and RWPE-1 | Hosseini-Beheshti et al.73 | |||
THBS1, GSN, and ITGB1 | UC | WB | LNCaP | Soekmadji et al.74 | |
ITGB4 and VCL | UC, CD9 antibody magnetic beads | NTA, WB, and TEM | PC-3 | Kawakami et al.75 | |
CD9 | UC | TEM, WB | LNCaP, DUCaP PCa cells, and plasma | Soekmadji et al.76 | |
UC | TEM, WB, and NTA | DU145 Tax-Sen, DU145 Tax-Res | Kharaziha et al.77 | ||
CD151 and CDCP1 | UC | PC-3 | Sandvig et al.78 | ||
PDCD6IP, FASN, XPO1, and ENO1 | UC, SG | TEM, WB | PNT2C2, RWPE1, PC346C, and VCaP | Duijvesz et al.30 | |
UC | Osteoblasts | Bilen et al.79 | |||
Lung cancer | AKT and ERK1/2 | UC | WB | H3255, H1650 | Van et al.80 |
AKT1, GSK3B, EIF4E, MTOR, RELA, and RAS | BDG | TEM, WB | PC9, PC9R | Choi et al.81 | |
ALLIX, TSG101, CD3, EGFR, SRC, KRAS, and NRP1 | PEG precipitation, UC, and BDG | TEM, WB | A54, HCC827, and HBEC | Clark et al.39 | |
P53 and EGFR | qEV | TRPS, TEM, and WB | 30KTp53/EGFR | Lobb et al.82 | |
HCC | ExoQuick | TEM, WB | Hep3B, 97 H, and LM3 | Zhang et al.83 | |
RRAS, CD44, CDC42, and CLND3 | UC | WB | HKCI-C3, HKCI-8, MHCC97L and MIHA | He et al.84 | |
UC | NTA, TEM, and WB | HepG2 | Wang et al.43 | ||
UC | WB, EM | Huh7.5.1 Huh7-ET | Ramakrishnaiah et al.85 | ||
Breast cancer | UC | TEM | Plasma, bone metastasis explant-conditioned media, and pleural effusion | Tucker et al.86 | |
vn96 affinity capture of EV | WB and TEM | SKBR3, MCF-7, and MCF-10a | Griffiths et al.87 | ||
Free-flow electrophoresis | SKBR3 (hypoxia, normoxia) | Thomas et al.88 | |||
UC | TEM, WB, and NTA | MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 | Harris et al.32 | ||
DEL-1 | Plasma, MDA-MB-231 | Moon et al.89 | |||
EDIL3 | BDG | NTA, TEM, and WB | MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 | Lee et al.29 | |
IL-6, TNFa, GCSF, and CCL2 | UC | TEM, WB, and FC | MCF10A, MDA-MB-231, and MCF7 | Chow et al.90 | |
POSTN | UC, SG | NTA, TEM, and WB | MCF7, MDA-MB-231, 67NR, 4T1, and plasma | Vardaki et al.91 | |
UC | TEM, WB, and NTA | cal51 TNBC | Kavanagh et al.92 | ||
UC | TEM, WB | MDA-MB-231 cells | Palazzolo et al.37 | ||
MTDH and CP | UC | TEM, WB, and NTA | 4T1, 4T1.2, 67NR, and 66cl4 | Gangoda et al.93 | |
UC | TEM, DLS, and WB | VCaP | Domenyuk et al.94 | ||
Ovarian cancer | UC | TEM, WB | OVCAR3, OVCAR433, OVCAR5, and SKOV3 | Sinha et al.95 | |
UC | WB, TEM | SKOV3, OVM | Escrevente et al.96 | ||
G6PD and TKT | UC | WB, TEM | OVCA429, HO8910PM | Yi et al.97 | |
UC | TEM, WB | OVCAR-3, IGROV1 | Liang et al.41 | ||
UC | TEM, WB | SKOV3, CAOV3, and HUVEC | Yi et al.98 | ||
Pancreatic cancer | EGFR | UC | WB | BxPC3, MiaPaca2, and Panc1 | Adamczyk et al.99 |
ZIP4 | SBI ExoQuick‐TC Kit | TEM, WB | PC‐1.0 (highly malignant), PC‐1 (moderately malignant) | Jin et al.100 | |
CEACAMs and ECM proteins | UC | TEM | Pancreatic duct fluid | Zheng et al.101 | |
UC, SG | EM | SOJ-6, BxPC-3, MiaPaCa-2, and Panc-1 | Ristorcelli et al.36 | ||
MYOF | UC | DLS, TEM, and WB | MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, BT-549, Hs 578 T, MCF7, MCF-10A, ZR-75–1, BT-474, SK-BR-3, and CFPAC-1 | Blomme et al.102 | |
BDG | TEM, WB | Panc1, BxPc3, MiaPaca2, and HPSC | Klein-Scory et al.103 | ||
MIF | UC | NTA | PKCY, PAN02 | Costa-Silva et al.31 | |
UC, SG | TEM, WB | Panc02, Panc02-H7 cells | Yu et al.104 | ||
CLDN4, EPCAM, CD151, LGALS3BP, HIST2H2BE, and HIST2H2BF | UC | WB | 13 human PDAC, 2 non-neoplastic cell lines | Castillo et al.105 | |
PLEC | UC, ExoQuick-TC | DLS, TEM, and WB | PDAC, C6 glioma cells, and HPDE | Shin et al.106 | |
WNT5B | BDG, SG | EM | CHO, Caco-2 cells | Harada et al.46 | |
CCA | UC | TEM, WB | Human bile, H69 cell line | Chaiyadet et al.107 | |
S100A6, LUM, LCP1, YWHAZ, and VIM | UC | TEM | Hamster liver tissue, KKU055 | Khoontawad et al.108 | |
UC | TEM, WB | KKU-100, KKU-M213, and H69 | Dutta et al.42 | ||
Blood cancer | MARCKS | UC, SG | CM, FACS | K562, LAMA84 | Taverna et al.109 |
VCP | UC | TEM | U937, Mec1 | Bosque et al.56 | |
UC | WB, FC | Primary CLL cells | Paggetti et al.110 | ||
DNMT1 and HELLS | UC | NTA, FC | Molm-14, HL-60, and OP9 cells | Huan et al.111 | |
MHC-1, MHC-2, HSC70, HSP90, and ICMA-1 | UC | TEM, WB | Raji cells | Yao et al.40 | |
Oral cancer | ExoQuick | NTA, TEM | HUVEC, SCC15 | Andrade et al.112 | |
NAP1 | Ultrafiltration | NTA, TEM, WB, and CM | CAL 27, SCC-25 | Wang et al.44 | |
HSP90 | UC | TEM, NTA | HSC-3, HSC-3-M3 | Ono et al.113 |
