Table 1 The table shows the pro and cons of osteogenic cells derived from different sources
The method of bone repair | Â | Pros | Cons | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Transplantation | Autograft | No tissue rejection | Donor site morbidity | Â |
Lower infection rate | Limited availability | Â | ||
Lower cost | Graft resorption | |||
Allograft | No zoonosis | Immunological rejection | ||
High expense | ||||
High morbidity | Â | |||
Xenograft | Mass production | Disease transmission | Â | |
Biomaterials | Â | Biodegradable materials | Toxic reaction | |
Biocompatibility | Difficulty in handling | |||
Bone marrow- derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) | Â | Self-renewal differentiation ability of various cell types | Limited source of tissue | |
Induced Pluripotent Stem cell (iPSCs) | Â | High proliferation | Require many steps to manufacture | |
Low immune rejection | Risk of teratoma formation | |||
Direct conversion | Â | Low risk of mutation | Lack of targeted cell types | |
Generation of specific cell type low immune rejection | Low efficiency aged reprogrammed cells |
