Fig. 1: MSC treatment prevented the progression of diabetic nephropathy.

Diabetic mice were treated with vehicle or MSCs 5, 9, and 13 weeks after STZ injection and sacrificed at 24 weeks. a Albuminuria, defined by the UACR, was markedly increased in diabetic mice 4 weeks after STZ injection. b Changes in plasma glucose, BUN, creatinine, and UACR levels in diabetic mice treated with or without MSCs. c Representative H&E, PAS, and MT staining of kidney sections. Scale bars, 50 µm. d–f MSC treatment prevented renal damage in diabetic mice. The mRNA levels of Desmin, a marker of podocyte injury d; α-SMA, and Fn1, markers of fibrosis e; and Kim-1 and Lcn2, markers of tubular epithelial injury f. Con, control non-diabetic CD1 mice; DM, diabetic CD1 mice; DM + MSCs, diabetic CD1 mice with MSC treatment. Data show the means ± SEMs of 6–9 mice. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001 versus Con; #P < 0.05, and ##P < 0.01 versus DM