Fig. 4: IPA mitigates hepatic inflammation and liver injury in rats fed a high-fat diet.

Plasma levels of ALT (a) and AST (b) were measured. Inflammation (c) and hepatocellular ballooning (d) were scored based on histological alterations. Representative immunostaining of myeloperoxidase (MPO) (e) and F4/80 (f) to show infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages, respectively. Arrows denote positively stained cells. Quantification of MPO- (g) and F4/80-positive (h) cells expressed as a percentage of those in the HFD + vehicle group. The average numbers of positive cells were quantified from a randomly selected pool of five fields under each condition. The data are presented as the mean ± SEM. n = 8–10, *P < 0.05, vs. rats fed a chow diet; #P < 0.05, vs. rats fed a high-fat diet