Fig. 1: E2F1 regulates the expression of multiple factors involved in DNA repair, replication, and recombination.

a Conserved domains of E2F1. E2F1 contains a cyclin A-binding domain including nuclear localization signals, a heptad repeat, marked box and a transactivation domain including pRB-binding regions34. The coordinates for the E2F1 protein structures described in this study have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank under ID codes 1H24E and 2AZE33. b Immunoblot analysis of whole-cell lysate extracts prepared from HCT116 and HT29 cells. The cells were transfected with siRNA against E2F1 (siE2F1) or nontargeting siRNA (siControl) for 48 h. GAPDH was used as a housekeeping gene. c The expression levels of proteins in (a) were quantified, and the ratio relative to 18 s ribosomal RNA expression was determined for each condition. Each sample was normalized to the siControl condition. Three independent experiments were performed. Error bars denote the mean ± SD (n = 3). d Quantitative PCR analysis of changes in the expression of multiple genes in response to E2F1 knockdown. The expression of synapsis- and synthesis-related genes, but not ssDNA annealing-related genes, was substantially reduced in cells transfected with siE2F1. Three independent qPCR experiments were performed. Error bars denote the mean ± SD (n = 3). The fold-change value for each sample was normalized to the siControl condition. e Comparison of changes in the expression of specific HR factors following E2F1 knockdown, as assessed by immunoblot analysis and qPCR