Fig. 2: HMGB1 is an important mediator of AT1R-RAGE signaling.

HUVECs were treated with Ang II in the absence or presence of losartan for 4 h. a HMGB1 release in supernatants was measured by ELISA and western blotting (n = 4 for each lane). b, c HUVECs were incubated with Ang II in the presence or absence of anti-HMGB1-neutralizing antibody (50 ng/ml) for 4 h and analyzed by western blotting. The relative values of AT1R, RAGE, and mDia1 expression were normalized to that of GAPDH (n = 4 for each lane). The relative values of phospho-VE-cadherin expression were normalized to that of VE-cadherin (n = 3 for each lane). The values are presented as the means ± SEMs. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ns not significant by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test