Table 1 List of major cytokines that are produced by T. gondii infection and the effect of each cytokine.
From: Innate, adaptive, and cell-autonomous immunity against Toxoplasma gondii infection
Cytokines | Producing cell | Effects | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|
IL-12 | CD8α+or CD8αr CDCs | Activate and stimulate proliferation of NK cells, CD4 T cells and CD8 T cells | |
Macrophages | |||
pDCs | |||
IFN-γ | ILC1s | Induce cell-autonomous immune responses | |
CD4 T cells | iNOS induction | ||
CD8 T cells | IDO production | ||
NK cells | |||
T-bet+Foxp3-Th1 cells | |||
TNF-α | Macrophages DCs | Induce other inflammatory proteins | |
IL-1β | Macrophages | Induce other inflammatory proteins | |
IL-10 | Ly6ChighCCR2+ monocytes | Suppress inflammation to prevent toxoplasma encephalitis | |
B cells | Suppress hyper inflammation | ||
T-bet+Foxp3-Th1 cells | |||
IL-27 | Myeloid cells | Required for resistance to chronic toxoplasmic encephalitis | |
Induce CXCR3, T-bet, Blimp1 and IL-10 expression | |||
Inhibit Th17 development | |||
IL-33 | Damaged cells | Induce CCL2 expression (proinflammatory) | |
Tissue injury | Induce IL-10 production by M2 macrophages (anti-inflammatory) |
