Fig. 6: Strong EphrinB2 staining in AVM tissue and normalizing levels of urinary EphrinB2 post-resection suggest AVM tissue as the biomarker source. | Experimental & Molecular Medicine

Fig. 6: Strong EphrinB2 staining in AVM tissue and normalizing levels of urinary EphrinB2 post-resection suggest AVM tissue as the biomarker source.

From: Dysregulation of the EphrinB2−EphB4 ratio in pediatric cerebral arteriovenous malformations is associated with endothelial cell dysfunction in vitro and functions as a novel noninvasive biomarker in patients

Fig. 6

a Representative photomicrographs show four different AVMs as confirmed by neuropathology. Immunohistochemical analysis identifies AVM as a putative source of urinary biomarker levels. EphrinB2, which localizes primarily to the arterial endothelium with scattered perinidal expression, was detected in AVM tissue at significantly higher rates than in commercially available normal arteries. Diaminobenzidine and hematoxylin counterstain, original magnification ×200. b There was a tenfold increase in the number of cells with identifiable EphrinB2 staining over a normal artery control (*p < 0.01). c Index patient for whom pre- and post-treatment analysis could be performed: preoperative MRI shows a small right frontal AVM, and postoperative MRI demonstrates a gross total resection. d At the time of diagnosis, urinary levels of EphrinB2 (>40 pg/µg) exceeded the established cutoff. Following resection, urinary EphrinB2 normalized to below the diagnostic cutoff.

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