Fig. 2: Overview of the causative functions of AGEs in aging-related diseases and alcohol-mediated multiorgan dysfunction or damage.

AGEs can be produced endogenously and exogenously. The accumulation of AGEs and the interaction of AGE-RAGE play causative roles in various aging-related diseases and alcohol-mediated tissue injuries by interfering with cell signaling pathways and forming adducts with cellular macromolecules, contributing to their inactivation and pathophysiology in many tissues/organs. These suggest biological connections between AGEs and alcohol adduct formation in relation to alcohol-mediated inflammation, gut leakiness, and multiorgan damage.