Fig. 10: Impacts of different temperatures during hypoxia on antioxidant protein expression, ROS production, and metabolic activity.

The mRNA levels of Ldh (a), iNOS (b), Hsp70 (c), and SOD (d) following severe hypoxia at 29 °C, 23 °C, and 18 °C were evaluated at different reperfusion timepoints (0, 3, 6, 24, and 120 h after hypoxia). The target gene levels are presented as ratios to the levels of the constitutive gene Act5c and normalized to the levels in the corresponding normoxia-exposed flies. The graphs present the means ± SEMs from 3 independent experiments including 180 male flies per genotype for each treatment. Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s multiple comparison test. *p < 0.05. ROS production in the supernatant (e) and in the pellet (f) following 2.5 h of severe hypoxia at 29 °C, 23 °C, and 18 °C was measured at various reperfusion timepoints (0, 3, 6, and 24 h) via DCF-DA fluorescence. The metabolic activity after 2.5 h of severe hypoxia at 29 °C, 23 °C, and 18 °C (g) was assessed using a Cell Titer Blue assay. The graphs present the means ± SEMs of 4 independent experiments. Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s multiple comparison test. *p < 0.05, # indicates significance compared to normoxia.