Fig. 4: Involvement of 4-1BB upregulation in the defective osteogenic differentiation potential of BMSCs from aged mice.

a ALP staining of BMSCs at week 1 after osteogenic induction with and without 4-1BBL treatment. b mRNA expression of osteogenic differentiation markers including Runx2, Opn, Bsp, and Ocn in BMSCs with and without 4-1BBL treatment was determined by qPCR. c Alizarin red staining of BMSCs at week 4 after osteogenic induction with and without 4-1BBL treatment. d ALP staining of BMSCs at week 1 after osteogenic induction with and without neutralization antibody against 4-1BB. e mRNA expression of osteogenic differentiation markers including Runx2, Opn, Bsp, and Ocn in BMSCs with and without neutralization antibody against 4-1BB. f Alizarin red staining of BMSCs at week 4 after osteogenic induction with and without neutralization antibody against 4-1BB. β-Actin was used as an internal control in qPCR. All the data were obtained from three independent experiments. Data are shown as the means ± SEMs. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.