Fig. 4: Amelioration of atherosclerosis in CTRP9-KO mice transplanted with the WT gut microbiota.

a Representative micrographs of H&E-stained carotid lesions 3 weeks after partial ligation and HFD feeding. Sham, sham surgery group; ligation, ligation surgery group. Squares indicate areas shown at higher-power magnification of the respective cross-sections. Representative images showing immunofluorescence staining of PECAM-1 and α-SMA in carotid lesions. b Micrographs were quantified using ImageJ software. c Atherosclerotic plaques in the aorta were stained en face with oil red O. Representative en face view of the aortic surface area covered by lesions after 3 weeks of partial ligation and HFD feeding. d Micrographs were quantified using ImageJ software. Error bar indicates the SD (n = 3). The results show the mean ± SD. *p < 0.05 for the WT-FMT group and KO group compared to the WT group. #p < 0.05 for the KO-FMT group compared to the KO group. All group comparisons were performed with t test. Scale bars in right lower corner represent 50 μm.