Fig. 2: Fyn and Lyn kinase expression, along with ER stress signaling, is enhanced in mouse proximal tubular cells exposed to high glucose and palmitate.

mProx24 cells were treated with HG-Pal for 10 h, and cell lysates were subjected to immunoblot analysis. a The levels of activated, phosphorylated Fyn and Lyn kinases were measured by immunoblotting. Activation of mTORC1 and apoptosis was indicated by increases in the levels of d phosphorylated p70S6K and cleaved caspase 3. g Upregulation of the UPR signaling pathways during ER stress was indicated by the increases in the levels of phosphorylated IRE1α, phosphorylated JNK1/2T183, Y185, and CHOP. b, c, e, f, h–k The expression levels of the indicated proteins were quantified by densitometry. The data are presented as the mean ± SE of four experiments. *p < 0.05 vs. control.