Fig. 8: Visuomotor anomalies of Vax1^AA/AA mice.

a Positions of pupil centers in the right and left eyes of head-fixed P45 Vax1^+/+ and Vax1^AA/AA mice were tracked by the iSCAN rodent eye tracking system while the mice were kept in the dark. The relative positions of the pupil centers against the position at time 0 (t₀) were plotted in the oscillograms. b Peak positions that the pupil centers moved at vertical and horizontal axes were measured, and the averages are shown in graphs. Error bars are SDs (n = 6). c The P45 mice were adapted to the dark for 30 min and illuminated with a room light. f Alternatively, the dark-adapted mice were illuminated monocularly with a point light. Pupil diameters were measured by an iSCAN eye tracking system before and after the illuminations. Relative pupil diameters against t₀ are plotted in oscillograms. (d and g) Average pupil diameters of the mice in dark (t₀ ~ t₅) and light (t₅ ~ t₁₄) conditions are measured and shown in graphs. e and h The values in the graphs are the contraction speed, which is defined as the time taken to reach the minimal pupil diameter from the maximum diameter (Δt = t_min – t_max). Error bars are SD (n = 6 [Vax1^+/+] and n = 7 [Vax1^AA/AA]). *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.005. i Head-fixed P45 Vax1^+/+ and Vax1^AA/AA mice were positioned in a chamber surrounded by monitors, which displayed a gray background. The center positions of the pupils in the right and left eyes were marked and then tracked by the iSCAN rodent eye tracking system, while the mice exposed to the monitors displayed black and white vertical stripes (0.2 c/d), which were moving in the indicated directions for 30 seconds. The relative positions of the pupil centers of the right eyes against the position at t₀ are plotted in the oscillograms. Peak positions of the pupil centers between 30 sec and 60 sec at horizontal (j) and vertical (k) axes were collected, and the averages are shown in graphs. Error bars are SDs (n = 6 [Vax1^+/+] and n = 8 [Vax1^AA/AA]).