Fig. 3: Intracellular cGAMP transmission.
From: Molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial DNA release and activation of the cGAS-STING pathway

Intracellular cGAMP can be transferred to neighboring or adjacent cells through gap junctions, formed by the connexin protein, or via plasma-membrane transporters, including SLC19A1, P2X7R, and LRRC8. Degradation of extracellular cGAMP by ENPP1 modulates extracellular cGAMP levels.