Fig. 6: mtDNA release via permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane.
From: Molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial DNA release and activation of the cGAS-STING pathway
(Left) During BAK/BAX-mediated apoptosis, mitochondria undergo hyperfragmentation, and mitochondrial matrix components, including mtDNA, are released into the cytosol through BAK/BAX macropores. mPTP opening is not required for MIM disruption. The released mtDNA does not activate the type-I IFN pathway because of caspase activation. (Right) Mitochondrial stress triggers the formation of VDAC-oligomer pores and activates the type-I IFN pathway. mPTP opening is required for MIM disruption.
