Fig. 3: Translational regulation.
From: Emerging roles of tRNA-derived small RNAs in cancer biology
a Global inhibition. Angiogenin-induced 5′tRNA half with a terminal oligoguanine (TOG) motif inhibits translation in a phospho-eIF2α-independent manner. The 5′-TOG motif folds into tetramolecular RNA G-quadruplex (RG4) structures and induces stress granule (SG) assembly, which leads to translation initiation inhibition. Y-box binding protein 1 (YB-1 or YBX1) is required for SG assembly. b Translational activation. LeuCAG 3′tsRNA binds to RPS28 mRNA and alters the secondary structure, leading to the activation of translation. c Translational activation in Trypanosoma brucei (T. brucei). The production of Thr 3′tRNA half is promoted during starvation and binds to ribosomes during the stress recovery phase to activate translation.
