Fig. 2: Epinephrine upregulates PLAGL2 expression and promotes HCC progression.

a, b Western blot analysis of PLAGL2 and Vimentin expression in HCC cells treated with the indicated concentrations of Epi for 48 h. c–g Effects of Epi on the migration of HCC cells. Representative images of HCC cells in the Transwell (c) and wound healing assays (d, e). f, g Statistical analysis of the wound healing assay results (n = 3). h, i Localization and expression of PLAGL2 were detected by IF analysis of PBS- or Epi-treated HCC cells. j Changes in the volumes of the PBS- or Epi-treated tumors (n = 6). k, l Images and changes in the weights of PBS- or Epi-treated tumors (n = 6). m, n Western blot and quantitative analyses of the protein levels of EMT-related factors (N-cadherin and vimentin) and PLAGL2 in the tumor tissues of PBS- or Epi-treated mice. o, p IHC and quantitative analyses of PLAGL2, Ki67, vimentin, and N-cadherin expression in the tumor tissues of PBS- or Epi-treated mice. The data are presented as the mean ± SD and were analyzed by two-tailed Student’s t tests. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001. IF Immunofluorescence.