Fig. 3: Pathologic staining and validation of carotid plaques.

a HE staining, oil red O staining, and Masson trichrome staining (40× magnification, scale bar = 100 μm). Thin black arrows indicate intraplaque hemorrhage, thick black arrows indicate large lipid cores and black triangles indicate discontinuous fibrous caps. b RT‒qPCR results of the four hub genes in the stable and unstable plaque groups. c Western blot results of four hub genes in the unstable and stable plaque groups. β-Actin was used as an internal control. d Immunohistochemical staining was used to quantify the total amount of MD-1 (LY86, yellowish brown, scale bar = 100 μm) within the plaques. e Concentration of MD-1 in plasma in the healthy volunteer group and the stable and unstable plaque patient groups.