Fig. 5: Measurement of the fear memory process in mice subjected to different treatments.

a Impaired fear memory extinction in P21 mice compared with P60 mice (n = 11-13 mice/group; for a, repeated measures two-way ANOVA, F_{(1, 88)} = 19.483, P = 0.735; for (b), two-tailed Student’s t test, P = 0.638; for (c), repeated measures two-way ANOVA, F_{(1, 88)} = 38.325, P = 0.043; for (d), two-tailed Student’s t test, P = 0.825). Knockout of 5-HT_1AR led to impaired fear memory extinction, which can be rescued by the GABA_A receptor agonist clonazepam (CZP) (n = 10 mice/group; for (e), repeated measures two-way ANOVA, F_{(3, 144)} = 20.853, P = 0.421; for (f), one-way ANOVA, F_{(3, 36)} = 11.432, P = 0.563; for (g), repeated measures two-way ANOVA, F_{(3, 144)} = 45.243, P = 0.032, asterisk or hash indicates differences between WT and KO or KO + ACSF and KO + CZP; for (h), one-way ANOVA, F_{(3, 36)} = 12.417, P = 0.754). Impaired fear memory extinction in astrocytic 5-HT_1AR knockdown mice can be rescued by the GABA_A receptor agonist CZP (n = 10–11 mice/group; for (i), repeated measures two-way ANOVA, F_{(3, 148)} = 24.468, P = 0.476; for (j), one-way ANOVA, F_{(3, 37)} = 9.438, P = 0.584; for (k), repeated measures two-way ANOVA, F_{(3, 148)} = 46.573, P = 0.015; asterisk or hash indicates differences between Ctrl-RNA and 5-HT_1AR-shRNA or 5-HT_1AR-shRNA +ACSF and 5-HT_1AR-shRNA +CZP; for (l), one-way ANOVA, F_{(3, 37)} = 10.448, P = 0.354). The data are presented as the means ± s.e.m.s; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01.