Fig. 6: HMGB1 induction in Kupffer cells after a cerebral ischemic insult.

Liver tissue sections were prepared from the sham control (a and c) and MCAO (b, d) groups at 12 h post-MCAO. a, b Immunohistochemistry was performed using an anti-HMGB1 antibody, followed by counterstaining with H&E. c–f Triple fluorescence immunohistochemistry was performed using an anti-CD68 antibody, an anti-HMGB1 antibody, and DAPI. Representative images are shown. Arrows and double arrows indicate HMGB1 immunoreactivity in the nucleus or cytoplasm of Kupffer cells, respectively. The scale bars in a–c and f represent 50 µm, and those in a1, b1-b3, d, and f1 represent 20 µm.