Fig. 3: Obesity-phenotype assessments of heteroplasmic gene-knockout mutant mice.
From: Comprehensive phenotypic assessment of nonsense mutations in mitochondrial ND5 in mice
a Representative images of obese mutant mice. b Average body weights of WT (n = 5) and obese mutant mice (n = 4). The error bars indicate the SEMs for n ≥ 4 biologically independent mice. The exact p values for 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14 weeks were 0.036, 0.034, 0.046, 0.043, 0.069, 0.077, 0.054, and 0.020, respectively (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 according to a two-tailed Student’s t test). c Mean body weight, fat mass, and fat/body weight ratio of WT mice (n = 10) and mutant-Ob mice (n = 3) were measured via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The error bars represent the SEMs for n = 3 biologically independent mice. The exact p values were 0.015, 0.0058, and 0.00011 (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 according to a two-tailed Student’s t test). d Images of perirenal fat, abdominal fat, and epidydimal fat tissues from WT and mutant-Ob mice. Each grid in the image is 5 mm long. The measured weights of the fat tissues are shown on the right. The error bars represent the SEMs for n = 3 biologically independent mice. The exact p values were 0.0018, 0.0013, and 0.0013 for abdominal fat, perirenal fat, and epidydimal fat, respectively (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 via two-tailed Student’s t test). e (Left) Microscopy image of perirenal fat stained with H&E at ×200 magnification. (Right) Measurement of the diameter of perirenal fat cells. Lines are the means with s.e.m. Exact p values were 0.00016, 9.5E-7, and 0.0016 for mutant-Ob1, mutant-Ob2, and mutant-Ob3 mice, respectively (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001, respectively, according to a two-tailed Student’s t test). f Transmission electron micrographs of mitochondria in white adipose tissues of WT and obese MT-ND5 gene-knockdown mutant mice. g Analysis of ATP synthesis in white adipose tissues from WT (n = 3) and mutant (n = 3) mice. The error bars indicate the SEMs for biologically independent samples (n = 3). The exact p value was 0.0021 (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 via two-tailed Student’s t test). h Efficiency of the distribution of nonobese and obese mutants in mutant mice. The exact p value was 0.33 (n.s., not significant). i Glucose levels in WT (n = 4), mutant-non-Ob (n = 5), and mutant-Ob (n = 4) mice. The error bars indicate the SEMs for biologically independent samples (n ≥ 4). The exact p values were 0.89 and 0.039 for the mutant-non-Ob and mutant-Ob mice, respectively (*p < 0.05, using Student’s two-tailed t test). j Measurements of HDL in WT (n = 4), mutant-non-Ob (n = 5), and mutant-Ob (n = 4) mice. The error bars indicate the SEMs for biologically independent samples (n ≥ 4). The exact p values were 0.035 and 0.340 for the mutant-non-Ob and mutant-Ob mice, respectively (*p < 0.05, using Student’s two-tailed t test). HDL: high-density lipoproteins.
