Fig. 5: Thermogenesis-associated phenotype analysis in heteroplasmic gene-knockout mutant mice.
From: Comprehensive phenotypic assessment of nonsense mutations in mitochondrial ND5 in mice
a The results of the calorimetry test for both WT (wild-type) mice (n = 3) and mutant mice (n = 3). The analysis was based on a time course that included both a light cycle (5 h, 4 h) and a dark cycle (12 h). The results are presented as averages of individual mice. The measurement subsections included oxygen consumption, CO2 production, heat production, and cumulative water consumption, as annotated. The error bars indicate the s.e.m. for biologically independent mice (n = 3). The exact p values were 0.045, 0.041, 0.0084, and 0.00015, respectively (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 according to a two-tailed Student’s t test). b Average rectal temperatures of WT (n = 3) and mutant mice (n = 5) after cold challenge. Measurements were made at a temperature of 6 °C with intervals of 1 h. The error bars indicate the SEMs for biologically independent samples (n ≥ 3). The exact p values were 0.60, 0.95, 0.78, 0.33, 0.14, 0.047, 0.049, and 0.033 for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 21 hours, respectively (*p < 0.05 via a two-tailed Student’s t test). c Images of brown adipose tissues from WT (n = 3) and mutant mice (n = 4) with corresponding bar graphs. Each grid in the image is 5 mm long. The error bars indicate the SEMs for biologically independent samples (n ≥ 3). The exact p value was 0.0065 (**p < 0.01 according to a two-tailed Student’s t test). d Histological analysis of brown adipose tissue sections from WT and mutant mice via H&E staining. Measurements of brown adipocyte counts are presented on the right. The error bars indicate the SEMs for biologically independent samples (n ≥ 3). The exact p value was 0.030 (*p < 0.05 using the Student’s two-tailed t test). e Analysis of ATP synthesis in brown adipose tissues from WT (n = 3) and mutant (n = 3) mice. The error bars indicate the SEMs for biologically independent samples (n = 3). The exact p value was 0.0001 (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 according to the Student’s two-tailed t test). f Transmission electron micrographs of the mitochondria in brown adipose tissues of WT and mutant mice.
