Fig. 3: L-BAIBA restores extracellular matrix synthesis in rat NP cells under TNFα treatment.

a Interactive chemical structure model of L-BAIBA. b The viability of L-BAIBA-treated rat NP cells at different concentrations and at different times was examined by CCK8 assay (n = 3). c The viability of L-BAIBA-treated rat NP cells after 72 h was detected by CCK-8 assay (n = 3). d The extracellular matrix was detected by alcian blue staining (n = 3). e The expression levels of extracellular matrix anabolic markers (COL2A and ACAN) and catabolic markers (ADAMTS5 and MMP3) were detected by Western blot (WB) in rat NP cells from each group (n = 4). f Semiquantitative and statistical analyses were performed on the Western blot in (e). g Detection of the mRNA expression levels of COL2A, ACAN, ADAMTS5 and MMP3 in the NP by RT‒qPCR (n = 3). h Representative immunofluorescence images of COL2A in rat NPs treated with TNFα or L-BAIBA (n = 3). Scale bar: 50 μm. i Representative immunofluorescence images of MMP3 in rat NPs treated with TNFα or L-BAIBA (n = 3). Scale bar: 50 μm. The data are shown as the means ± SDs; *p < 0.05.