Fig. 1: Research content and technique flow chart.

a The procedure of population screening and partitioning into PCAND and pure T2DM cohorts in the UK Biobank. b The procedure of GWAS analysis. The quality of the genetic data was controlled by the Hardy‒Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) test (P values less than 0.0001). SNP loci with a P value < 0.0005 were identified as potentially significant loci between T2DM and PCAND. c The procedure of model construction via machine learning. SNPs exhibiting larger absolute Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) values are more important in individual predictions.