Fig. 1: NETs are increased in the RA synovial microenvironment and associated with IL-33. | Experimental & Molecular Medicine

Fig. 1: NETs are increased in the RA synovial microenvironment and associated with IL-33.

From: IL33-induced neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) mediate a positive feedback loop for synovial inflammation and NET amplification in rheumatoid arthritis

Fig. 1

a–c Cell-free DNA (cfDNA), citH3-DNA, and MPO-DNA levels in synovial fluid from RA (n = 20) and OA (n = 20) patients. d NET–DNA levels in HD neutrophils incubated with RA or OA synovial fluid for 4 h. e Levels of 12 cytokines in synovial fluid from RA (n = 20) and OA (n = 20) patients. f, g Correlations of citH3-DNA and MPO-DNA with IL-33 in RA synovial fluid (n = 20). h–l Peripheral serum levels of cfDNA (n = 49), citH3-DNA (n = 49), MPO-DNA (n = 49), IL-33 (n = 99 in RA patients, 62 in OA patients, 98 in HDs), and soluble ST2 (sST2) (n = 30) in peripheral serum from RA patients, OA patients, and HDs. m–o ROC curves of citH3-DNA (n = 49), MPO-DNA (n = 49), and sST2 (n = 30) distinguishing RAs from OAs or HDs. p Correlations of citH3-DNA and MPO-DNA with the disease activity score of 28 joints (DAS28) in the peripheral serum of individuals with RA (n = 49). q Correlation of sST2 with DAS28 in the peripheral serum of patients with RA (n = 30). All the data are presented as the means ± SDs; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001, ns not significant.

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