Fig. 7: Characterization of engineered RVG-EVs.

a Schematic representation of the production and harvest of EVs for targeted miR-382-5pi delivery. b WB analysis of lamp2, TSG101, CD9, CD81, and GM130 levels in HEK293T cell-derived EVs. c Representative electron micrograph of isolated extracellular vesicles. d Histograms displaying the size distribution and number of particles per milliliter for EVs extracted from HEK293T cell cultures. e Distribution of DiR-labeled mock EVs or RVG-EVs in mice and different organs at 24 h after injection, as determined via live fluorescence imaging. f The boxed graph shows the locations of the six analyzed organs (n = 6 per group; Student’s t test). g Confocal microscopy images of PKH26-labeled RVG-EVs or PKH26-labeled mock-treated EVs. Red fluorescent spots indicate PKH26-labeled EVs, and green fluorescence represents neurons (NeuN+). The data are presented as the means ± SDs; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and NS not significant.