Fig. 5: NGO shows antiviral activity against Omicron PsV-infected HSPCs.

a, Morphologies and sizes of NGO particles were analyzed by TEM. b Viral spike RNA expression in PsV-infected HSPCs treated with or without NGO was quantified at 12 h and 7 days via qRT‒PCR. c, d, Transcriptional levels of myeloid lineage-related (c) and inflammaging-related (d) genes in Omicron PsV-infected HSPCs were determined via qRT‒PCR. Relative mRNA levels were normalized to those of GAPDH. e A CFU assay was performed, and the numbers of BFU-E, CFU-GM and CFU-GEMM and the total sum of all colonies were quantified. f Hematopoietic lineage differentiation was investigated via the expression of lineage-specific markers through flow cytometry. The percentages of HSPC lineage differentiation fractions in the Omicron PsV- and NGO-treated groups are shown. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. The results are shown as the mean ± s.e.m.