Fig. 1: Generation and characterization of iPS cells.

a, An overview of integration-free iPS cell generation. Pluripotency characterization was performed using passages 7–10. b, Immunocytochemistry analysis of pluripotency markers (Oct4, Nanog, Tra-1-81, Tra-1-60, SSEA-3 and SSEA-4) and ALP staining in iPS cells generated using SV (SV-iPS cell) and episomal vectors (Epi-iPS cell). Nuclei were stained by DAPI. Scale bar, 200 μm. c, Immunocytochemistry analysis of markers for the three-germ layers (Tuj1 and Nestin (ectoderm); FOXA2 and SOX17 (endoderm); Desmin and α-SMA (mesoderm)) in in vitro differentiated SV-iPS cells and Epi-iPS cells. Scale bar, 100 μm. d, Hematoxylin and eosin staining of teratomas generated with SV-iPS cells and Epi-iPS cells. Differentiation into multiple derivatives of three-germ layers is shown: ectoderm (melanocyte, neural rosette), endoderm (gut-like epithelium) and mesoderm (adipocyte, cartilage). Scale bar, 50 μm. e, Normal karyotype of Epi-iPS cells and SV-iPS cells.