Fig. 2: Enhanced sympathetic response of GDF15-Tg mice and thermogenesis gene expression in adipose tissue. | Experimental & Molecular Medicine

Fig. 2: Enhanced sympathetic response of GDF15-Tg mice and thermogenesis gene expression in adipose tissue.

From: GDF15 regulates development and growth of sympathetic neurons to enhance energy expenditure and thermogenesis

Fig. 2

a The rectal temperature of GDF15-Tg and control mice monitored at 4 °C for 4 h (n = 6 for Con, n = 12 for Tg). b The rectal temperature of GDF15-Tg and control mice at 4 °C and 25 °C (n = 6 for Con, n = 12 for Tg). c The expression of genes of lipid catabolism and thermogenesis in the iWAT and BAT of GDF15-Tg and control mice, assessed by real-time RT–PCR (n = 6 per group). d The UCP1 immunohistochemistry of BAT and iWAT sections from GDF15-Tg and control mice. Scale bar, 200 μm. e Levels of serum norepinephrine and epinephrine before (basal) and 30 min after insulin injection to GDF15-Tg and control mice (n = 6 for Con, n = 12 for Tg). f A real-time RT–PCR using mRNA from the iWAT and BAT of GDF15-Tg and control mice and primers specific for the indicated genes of catecholamine synthesis (n = 6 per group). g Blood glucose levels before (0) and after injection of insulin (1 U/kg) (n = 6 for Con, n = 12 for Tg). h, i The systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), mean BP (MBP) (h) and heart rate (i) of GDF15-Tg and control mice before (basal) and 60 min after insulin injection (n = 9 for Con, n = 12 for Tg). All data are shown as means ± s.e.m. BPM, beats per min. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 by unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-test.

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