Table 2 Geotechnical characterization of the soil layers underneath the (St. Sergius) Abu Serga church in old Cairo area

From: 3D finite element coupled analysis model for geotechnical and complex structural problems of historic masonry structures: conservation of Abu Serga church, Cairo, Egypt

Soil type

Liquid limit (WL) %

Shrinkage limit (WS) %

Plasticity limit (WP) %

Dry unit weight (γunsat)

Saturated unit weight (γsat)

Specific gravity (Gs)

Permeability Kx = ky (m/day)

Initial void ration (e)

Compression index Cc

Young’s modulus E kN/m2

Poisson’s ratio

Eoed kN/m2

Soil cohesion c (kN/m2)

Friction angle (ϕ)°

Clay

45–60

17

20–45

20

23

2.7

1.52 * 10−4

1.84

0.3

1500

0.4

1204

50

27

Sand

20

–

0

18

21

–

 

–

–

6000

0.35

 

0

34

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