Table 2 Selected elements from the WD-XRF data for the plaster and rock samples

From: Plasters from Jewish ritual purification baths in Late Hellenistic–Early Roman Palestine: composition, production areas, and anthropogenic residues

    

Na2O

MgO

Al2O3

SiO2

P2O5

K2O

CaO

TiO2

MnO

FeO

V2O3

Cr2O3

NiO

CuO

ZnO

Rb2O

SrO

Y2O3

ZrO2

Nb2O5

BaO

PbO

ID

Site

Context

Description

%

%

%

%

%

%

%

%

%

%

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ETH1

Horvat ‘Ethri

stepped pool XI

Gray plaster

3.61

2.69

2.11

15.20

1.02

2.65

71.39

0.21

0.05

1.07

27

69

18

31

51

9

472

12

74

1

244

5

ETH2

Horvat ‘Ethri

stepped pool XI

Gray plaster

3.37

2.44

2.46

20.09

1.61

2.74

65.71

0.25

0.06

1.27

34

42

22

32

65

11

534

13

86

3

310

7

ETH3

Horvat ‘Ethri

stepped pool XI

White plaster

0.76

2.04

1.37

9.32

0.28

0.64

84.63

0.13

0.05

0.79

32

23

12

21

25

7

375

14

42

1

212

4

ETH4

Horvat ‘Ethri

stepped pool XI

White plaster

0.76

3.10

1.33

12.28

0.29

0.48

80.83

0.13

0.04

0.78

33

22

15

21

26

5

435

16

41

1

240

3

ETH5

Horvat ‘Ethri

stepped pool XIII

White plaster

1.46

1.79

2.78

20.36

1.26

1.38

69.06

0.27

0.06

1.58

42

41

26

35

65

8

375

21

89

4

271

69

ETH6

Horvat ‘Ethri

stepped pool XIII

White plaster

1.09

2.07

3.13

21.44

1.63

1.40

67.33

0.30

0.07

1.54

81

43

22

32

54

11

451

18

98

3

483

43

ETH7

Horvat ‘Ethri

stepped pool XIII

Gray plaster

2.58

2.23

3.17

27.71

2.09

2.22

57.97

0.30

0.07

1.66

65

76

34

53

96

12

372

20

106

3

672

106

ETH8

Horvat ‘Ethri

stepped pool XIII

Gray plaster

1.23

2.23

3.00

25.07

1.89

1.72

62.94

0.29

0.06

1.57

45

47

33

42

90

13

341

18

102

4

581

122

ETH9

Horvat ‘Ethri

complex XV (stepped pool)

White plaster

0.84

1.26

1.48

11.66

0.17

0.77

82.88

0.14

0.04

0.76

31

26

14

26

27

7

389

12

46

1

177

3

ETH10

Horvat ‘Ethri

complex XV (cistern)

White plaster

1.50

2.48

1.55

10.17

0.16

1.61

81.56

0.14

0.04

0.80

39

21

14

21

25

6

412

12

46

1

120

3

ETH11

Horvat ‘Ethri

complex XV (cistern)

White plaster

1.08

2.45

2.41

17.75

0.20

1.53

73.03

0.23

0.05

1.28

54

35

22

26

30

8

375

19

78

1

121

2

   

μ (n = 11)

1.66

2.25

2.25

17.37

0.96

1.56

72.48

0.22

0.05

1.19

44

40

21

31

50

9

412

16

74

2

312

33

ETH12

Horvat ‘Ethri

Limestone from the site

0.17

1.39

0.62

0.47

0.22

0.16

96.50

0.04

0.01

0.42

29

24

11

23

32

4

645

6

20

0

146

1

ETH13

Horvat ‘Ethri

Limestone from the site

0.00

1.16

1.06

2.70

0.59

0.12

93.65

0.05

0.01

0.66

41

70

24

33

57

5

891

14

24

0

167

2

SEP1

Sepphoris

SP2

Yellowish plaster

1.72

0.72

2.44

12.34

0.93

0.62

79.73

0.21

0.05

1.24

46

44

13

23

50

10

407

15

52

2

199

5

SEP2

Sepphoris

SP2

Yellowish plaster

0.30

0.71

1.48

25.22

0.68

0.32

70.30

0.13

0.03

0.82

31

32

10

20

33

8

336

12

39

0

182

15

SEP3

Sepphoris

SP2

White plaster

3.27

1.23

2.79

13.21

0.67

0.85

75.82

0.28

0.18

1.71

51

34

28

28

35

13

292

37

73

3

244

8

SEP4

Sepphoris

SP4

Shell-tempered

0.98

3.02

2.12

13.28

1.12

1.12

76.90

0.18

0.05

1.22

43

26

10

32

70

13

1776

11

57

2

165

117

SEP5

Sepphoris

SP4

Yellowish-brown plaster

3.58

1.02

2.18

14.65

0.48

3.28

73.38

0.20

0.06

1.17

98

34

17

20

26

14

321

16

53

3

183

5

SEP6

Sepphoris

SP4

White plaster

0.87

6.00

1.75

6.84

0.87

1.20

81.56

0.13

0.02

0.77

38

35

17

29

35

9

323

8

34

1

134

6

SEP7

Sepphoris

SP8

White plaster

0.37

2.00

2.21

15.99

0.66

0.67

76.78

0.19

0.05

1.09

41

45

19

29

52

10

356

13

47

2

184

12

SEP8

Sepphoris

SP8

White plaster

0.49

1.83

3.45

17.94

0.55

0.89

72.70

0.33

0.06

1.76

48

49

21

26

46

14

300

16

80

4

196

6

SEP9

Sepphoris

SP8

Gray plaster

1.84

0.99

1.52

24.63

2.17

0.65

66.92

0.15

0.07

1.05

69

30

13

26

85

12

360

16

48

1

214

12

SEP10

Sepphoris

SP8

Gray plaster

2.33

1.35

1.88

26.33

2.49

0.65

63.25

0.19

0.10

1.44

72

38

20

29

62

9

364

18

58

2

219

15

SEP11

Sepphoris

SP8

(Secondary) floor plaster

0.60

1.86

2.14

8.56

0.88

0.49

84.24

0.16

0.03

1.04

46

43

16

32

41

9

713

13

42

2

222

24

SEP12

Sepphoris

SP17

Whitish plaster

0.45

3.49

3.15

17.43

4.03

1.55

67.95

0.28

0.06

1.60

46

100

29

63

184

16

548

14

64

3

239

53

SEP13

Sepphoris

SP17

Gray plaster

0.13

4.76

2.57

14.63

4.04

0.48

71.82

0.22

0.06

1.29

50

43

23

60

147

8

649

15

56

3

147

55

SEP14

Sepphoris

SP17

Whitish plaster

0.35

2.52

1.15

5.71

0.78

0.56

88.09

0.10

0.03

0.71

51

21

12

23

26

7

1011

11

32

0

103

21

   

μ (n = 14)

1.23

2.25

2.20

15.48

1.45

0.95

74.96

0.20

0.06

1.21

52

41

18

31

64

11

554

16

52

2

188

25

SEP15

Sepphoris

Limestone from the site

0.00

32.44

0.22

0.00

0.04

0.07

67.07

0.02

0.00

0.14

10

3

3

11

8

3

109

2

11

0

2

2

GAM1

Gamla

L1060

Whitish plaster

1.17

6.17

8.38

31.99

1.77

0.78

41.37

1.40

0.17

6.81

124

132

85

40

79

14

1718

16

135

23

860

5

GAM2

Gamla

L1060

Whitish plaster

1.40

10.56

8.58

40.89

1.79

1.04

27.06

1.43

0.16

7.08

130

142

79

55

112

17

1242

19

152

23

490

14

GAM3

Gamla

L1062 (reservoir)

Whitish plaster

1.13

5.20

6.85

37.81

2.05

0.74

39.79

1.08

0.16

5.19

102

107

67

47

99

16

1194

19

117

20

694

10

GAM4

Gamla

L1024 (channel)

Yellowish plaster

1.31

5.30

10.53

38.87

1.28

0.83

32.28

1.64

0.13

7.83

168

180

95

54

111

15

706

24

173

28

424

30

GAM5

Gamla

L3105

Cream plaster

0.93

5.58

6.11

26.53

1.57

1.14

52.28

1.02

0.10

4.73

85

88

48

33

61

16

1413

12

99

15

921

8

GAM6

Gamla

L1293

Cream plaster

1.13

5.88

7.10

29.45

0.55

0.73

48.35

1.17

0.09

5.55

129

107

54

36

57

13

2024

14

114

19

621

5

GAM7

Gamla

L1293

Cream plaster

1.78

5.13

8.64

31.31

1.55

1.17

42.76

1.30

0.12

6.24

164

178

89

63

104

17

1416

24

124

20

844

5

GAM8

Gamla

L1293

Whitish plaster

2.21

7.95

10.21

38.97

1.18

0.99

28.96

1.58

0.12

7.84

211

200

120

56

118

16

1068

30

139

26

788

6

GAM9

Gamla

L1293

White plaster

1.66

5.49

9.94

33.75

0.74

0.94

38.51

1.51

0.11

7.35

170

222

108

53

104

16

1260

26

134

26

857

7

   

μ (n = 9)

1.41

6.36

8.48

34.40

1.39

0.93

39.04

1.35

0.13

6.52

142

151

83

49

94

15

1338

20

132

22

722

10

GAM10

Gamla

Limestone from the site

0.00

29.26

3.37

10.52

0.09

0.46

53.79

0.32

0.06

2.13

30

27

28

16

23

9

1739

6

46

4

34

3

GAM11

Gamla

Limestone from the site

0.00

28.01

4.08

13.87

0.10

0.56

50.33

0.39

0.06

2.61

31

37

33

19

26

10

1526

8

51

5

33

2

GAM12

Gamla

Basalt from the site

 

2.74

7.68

14.56

49.50

0.51

0.98

9.75

2.11

0.17

12.00

293

448

272

70

133

13

686

31

198

34

298

4

YOD1

Yodefat

no. 1

Reddish, fine-grained on bedrock

0.36

13.09

1.70

5.18

0.16

0.19

78.14

0.17

0.02

1.00

29

17

13

27

15

7

197

6

36

1

58

3

YOD2

Yodefat

no. 1

Pinkish plaster, 2nd layer

0.43

7.43

6.37

31.16

1.11

0.59

48.84

0.60

0.18

3.30

59

64

35

32

85

14

147

19

151

11

249

7

YOD3

Yodefat

no. 1

Light-reddish/brown, topmost

0.58

7.90

3.62

23.07

4.10

0.35

57.93

0.32

0.21

1.92

45

37

21

28

74

10

295

11

81

5

173

10

YOD4

Yodefat

no. 1, cistern

Light-reddish/brown, topmost

0.34

11.94

1.51

21.21

0.35

0.20

63.66

0.12

0.02

0.65

37

25

10

19

28

8

168

5

30

0

59

4

YOD5

Yodefat

no. 2

Light-reddish, smooth/fine

0.46

6.55

5.25

24.44

0.87

0.63

58.33

0.46

0.30

2.72

60

52

37

27

56

15

212

15

113

7

256

8

YOD6

Yodefat

no. 2

Light-reddish, smooth/fine

0.59

6.23

4.93

20.58

0.98

0.54

62.99

0.43

0.24

2.50

62

50

32

27

53

12

205

15

102

7

223

6

   

μ (n = 6)

0.46

8.86

3.90

20.94

1.26

0.41

61.65

0.35

0.16

2.02

49

41

25

27

52

11

204

12

86

5

170

6

YOD7

Yodefat

Limestone from the site

0.39

39.64

0.27

0.00

0.15

0.04

59.37

0.02

0.01

0.12

11

8

0

11

8

3

124

4

12

0

7

2

YOD8

Yodefat

Limestone from the site

0.38

29.71

0.09

0.00

0.05

0.01

69.71

0.01

0.00

0.02

11

7

3

13

3

3

85

2

11

0

3

3

NAF1

Keren Naftali

Sq. D

Pinkish, coarse, lowermost layer

0.34

5.62

3.43

14.16

1.02

0.56

72.89

0.29

0.04

1.64

46

41

16

26

61

11

162

11

70

4

112

39

NAF2

Keren Naftali

Sq. D

Pinkish, coarse, lowermost layer

0.46

8.86

2.74

12.50

0.70

0.35

72.81

0.23

0.03

1.31

70

35

14

26

48

8

161

9

55

4

94

23

NAF3

Keren Naftali

Sq. D

Light pinkish, smooth, top-layer

0.35

4.37

2.79

14.39

0.50

0.50

75.46

0.24

0.04

1.37

63

31

13

23

41

8

192

11

55

2

101

6

NAF4

Keren Naftali

Sq. D

Light pinkish, smooth, top-layer

0.36

4.75

3.09

17.16

0.64

0.31

71.67

0.26

0.04

1.72

56

37

13

24

47

9

191

11

61

3

112

9

   

μ (n = 4)

0.38

5.90

3.01

14.55

0.71

0.43

73.21

0.26

0.04

1.51

59

36

14

25

49

9

176

10

60

3

105

19

NAF5

Keren Naftali

Limestone from the site

0.37

23.12

0.49

5.85

0.27

0.09

69.58

0.05

0.01

0.18

20

15

4

16

11

5

69

3

16

0

12

3

NAF6

Keren Naftali

Limestone from the site

0.38

36.39

0.17

0.00

0.24

0.03

62.69

0.02

0.01

0.07

22

9

1

11

7

3

123

3

12

0

5

2