Fig. 4: Kernel density analysis of the first appearance of settlement distribution in the Neolithic Era (c. 10,000 B.C.–2,000 B.C.), Eastern Han Dynasty (25–220 A.D.), Tang Dynasty–Five Dynasties (618–960 A.D.), Song Dynasty–Yuan Dynasty (960–1368 A.D.), Ming Dynasty (1368–1644 A.D.), and Qing Dynasty (1644–1912 A.D.).

(Source: Drawn by the author).