Table 1 Specific information on influence factors

River

River network density

km/km²

https://www.webmap.cn

DEM

Mean

m

https://www.gscloud.cn

Slope

Mean

^∘

Elevation

Human geography

Socio-economic

GDP

GDP

million

https://www.resdc.cn/Default.aspx

POP

Resident population

person

https://www.resdc.cn/Default.aspx

Cultural

TV

Point vector 5 km buffer

km²

http://www.chuantongcunluo.com

Ethnic

MCV

Point vector 5 km buffer

km²

https://www.neac.gov.cn/seac/index.shtml

MCA

Polygon vector

km²

Language Atlas of China

Historical

HCap

Point vector 30 km buffer

km²

Historical Atlas of China

HRoad

Road network density by period

km/km²

The Concise Historical Atlas of China’s Transport Network

HPOP

Population by period

person

Historical Population Examination of China’s Provinces and Regions