Table 5 Results of OLS regression analysis

From: Sustainable tourism at nature-based cultural heritage sites: visitor density and its influencing factors

Variables

Model 0 (VD ～ Covariates)

Model 1 (VD ～ Covariates + Natural variables)

Model 2 (VD ～ Covariates + Artificial variables)

Model 3 (VD ～ Covariates + Perception variables)

Model 4 (VD ～ Covariates + Natural + Artificial + Perception variables)

 

Beta

t

Beta

t

Beta

t

Beta

t

Beta

t

VIF

CONSTANT

–

–0.798

–

4.613

–

–1.706

–

1.568

–

1.556

–

GDP

0.070

1.038

0.110

1.897

0.101

1.718

0.100

1.497

0.139*

2.497

1.541

Den_Pop

–0.011

-0.166

0.010

0.183

–0.002

–0.043

–0.007

–0.117

0.011

0.248

1.051

Night light

0.235**

3.492

0.046

0.684

0.189*

2.031

0.236***

3.347

0.112

1.268

3.857

FVC

  

–0.382***

–4.585

    

–0.254**

–3.118

3.297

Forest age

  

0.140*

2.230

    

0.161**

2.678

1.797

Forest density

  

–0.051

–0.787

    

0.000

0.007

1.787

Elevation

  

–0.087

–1.246

    

–0.013

–0.190

2.168

Roughness

  

0.101

1.559

    

0.054

0.830

2.141

NET_year

  

–0.335***

–5.205

    

–0.322***

–4.987

2.068

PLAND_grey

    

0.402***

6.211

  

0.257***

3.718

2.369

Den_CH

    

0.255*

2.469

  

0.300**

3.141

4.547

Den_road

    

–0.233***

–3.847

  

–0.226***

–4.095

1.520

Den_museum

    

0.100

1.160

  

0.013

0.159

3.144

Den_play

    

0.055

0.961

  

0.032

0.582

1.464

Dist_RS

    

–0.015

–0.292

  

–0.108*

–1.968

1.498

Den_SF

    

–0.229**

–2.955

  

–0.194**

–2.722

2.534

Natural

      

–0.030

–0.305

0.176*

2.229

3.109

Open

      

0.013

0.184

0.006

0.105

1.549

Cohesive

      

0.004

0.048

–0.103

–1.465

2.471

Sheltered

      

–0.170

–1.566

–0.071

–0.865

3.369

Serene

      

–0.027

–0.360

–0.016

0.778

1.612

Cultivated

      

–0.010

–0.121

0.024

0.687

1.811

Diverse

      

–0.073

–0.707

0.094

0.263

3.500

R²

0.072

 

0.393

 

0.413

 

0.130

 

0.570

  

Adjusted R²

0.060

 

0.369

 

0.387

 

0.092

 

0.524

  

F (sig.)

6.018 (0.001***)

 

16.424 (0.000***)

 

15.986 (0.000***)

 

3.391 (0.000***)

 

12.329 (0.000***)

  
  1. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001; Beta represents the standardized regression coefficient; VIF stands for the Variance Inflation Factor.
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