Fig. 5: The similarities of different methods in character evolutionary stages.

Graph-based methods include DHC-E, FEATHER and GL2vec, image-based methods include VGG16, ResNet, EfficientNet, Vision Transformers (ViT), pHASH, SSIM and Hist.
Graph-based methods include DHC-E, FEATHER and GL2vec, image-based methods include VGG16, ResNet, EfficientNet, Vision Transformers (ViT), pHASH, SSIM and Hist.