Fig. 4

Obesity impacts mitochondrial functionality in hASCs and in differentiated adipocytes. a TBX15 protein levels in hASCs from lean and obese subjects and in differentiated adipocytes (AD) (n = 3 patients per group). t test; #p < 0.05 vs. hASCs; *p < 0.05 vs. lean cells. b hASCs isolated from obese subjects were transfected with 100 nM of siRNAs against TBX15 or control, followed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis of the expression of brown and beige markers, mitochondrial redox carriers and mitochondrial fusion genes (n = 4 patients per group). t test; #p < 0.001 and *p < 0.05 vs. control cells. c Mature adipocytes derived from obese TBX15-silenced hASCs or lean hAScs overexpressing TBX15 were analyzed using Mitotracker staining by flow cytometry; representative images are shown (n = 3) t test; **p < 0.01 vs. obese control; #p < 0.05 vs. lean control. d Quantification and representative intracellular lipid enrichment in adipocytes derived from obese, obese TBX15-silenced and lean individuals (magnification, ×20). t test; *p < 0.05 vs. control obese cells. e Gene expression analysis of adipogenic markers by qPCR in mature obese adipocytes (n = 4 patients per group). t test; #p < 0.001 vs. control obese cells. f Oxygen consumption in intact adipocytes was measured by respirometry (n = 6 patients per group). Results are shown as mean ± SEM. t test, *p < 0.05 vs. lean