Table 2 Description of participants by metabolic status at follow-up among 193 previously metabolically healthy normal weight children from the QUALITY cohort
From: Determinants of new onset cardiometabolic risk among normal weight children
Metabolically unhealthy (n = 45) | Metabolically healthy (n = 148) | p value* | |
---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD or % or median (Q1–Q3) | |||
Boys | 48.9 | 60.1 | 0.181 |
Tanner stage > 1 at baseline | 20.0 | 10.1 | 0.079 |
Tanner stage > 1 at follow-up | 73.3 | 53.7 | 0.020 |
Age at baseline, years | 9.7 ± 0.9 | 9.5 ± 0.9 | 0.166 |
Age at follow-up, years | 11.7 ± 0.9 | 11.6 ± 1.0 | 0.323 |
Adiposity at baseline | |||
zBMI | −0.2 ± 0.6 | −0.3 ± 0.7 | 0.358 |
Percent fat mass | 18.2 ± 5.9 | 15.8 ± 5.2 | 0.010 |
WHtR | 0.43 ± 0.020 | 0.42 ± 0.021 | 0.284 |
A/G fat ratio | 0.23 ± 0.060 | 0.21 ± 0.045 | 0.088 |
Lifestyle habits and fitness at baseline | |||
MVPA, min/day, median (IQR) | 46.4 (30.6 to 66.1) | 59.6 (37.9 to 77.0) | 0.109 |
Screen time, h/day | 2.6 ± 1.9 | 2.3 ± 1.7 | 0.297 |
Total energy intake, kcal | 1712 ± 392 | 1707 ± 364 | 0.928 |
Vegetables and fruits, portions/day | 4.1 ± 2.1 | 4.5 ± 2.1 | 0.249 |
Sugar-sweetened beverage, mL/day, median (IQR) | 83.2 (0 to 238.1) | 66.7 (0 to 166.3) | 0.384 |
VO2 peak, mL/Kg LBM/min | 58.3 (53.1 to 62.6) | 57.9 (54.5 to 62.1) | 0.824 |
2-year change in adiposity, lifestyle and fitness | |||
∆ zBMI | 0.2 ± 0.5 | −0.11 ± 0.46 | <0.001 |
∆ percent fat mass | 2.8 ± 5.3 | 2.0 ± 3.7 | 0.367 |
∆ WHtR | −0.0038 ± 0.021 | −0.0095 ± 0.018 | 0.068 |
∆ A/G fat ratio | 0.023 ± 0.039 | 0.0072 ± 0.041 | 0.030 |
∆ MVPA, min/day, median (IQR) | −4.0 (−19.7 to 10.0) | −6.3 (−24.3 to 5.0) | 0.560 |
∆ screen time, h/day | 1.3 ± 2.2 | 0.6 ± 1.9 | 0.052 |
∆ VO2 peak | 0.3 (−2.2 to 4.7) | 1.9 (−1.7 to 5.8) | 0.147 |
Family history of cardiometabolic disease | |||
≥1 parent with metabolic syndrome | 71.1 | 60.1 | 0.183 |
History of maternal hypertension | 15.6 | 6.1 | 0.044 |
History of paternal hypertension | 33.3 | 23.7 | 0.194 |
History of maternal dyslipidemia | 62.2 | 69.6 | 0.354 |
History of paternal dyslipidemia | 97.8 | 93.2 | 0.251 |