Table 2 Estimated differences at 11 years between treated and control patients, adjusted for baseline age, BMI, fasting glucose, lipids, blood pressure, and quality of life (assessed by AMS).

From: Differential effects of 11 years of long-term injectable testosterone undecanoate therapy on anthropometric and metabolic parameters in hypogonadal men with normal weight, overweight and obesity in comparison with untreated controls: real-world data from a controlled registry study

	Normal weight group treated (n = 26) vs control (n = 37)				Overweight group treated (n = 113) vs control (n = 167)				Obese group treated (n = 281) vs control (n = 193)
	Estimated adjusted difference between groups	95% confidence interval		p value between groups	Estimated adjusted difference between groups	95% confidence interval		p value between groups	Estimated adjusted difference between groups	95% confidence interval		p value between groups
		Lower	Upper			Lower	Upper			Lower	Upper
Testosterone
Total testosterone (nmol/L)	9.5	8.1	10.9	<0.0001	10.1	9.5	10.7	<0.0001	10.3	9.7	11.0	<0.0001
Anthropometric parameters
Weight (kg)	−9.5	−12.8	−6.3	<0.0001	−14.5	−15.6	−13.4	<0.0001	−27.4	−28.8	−26.0	<0.0001
Weight change (%)	−12.3	−16.6	−8.1	<0.0001	−16.5	−17.8	−15.3	<0.0001	−25.6	−26.8	−24.5	<0.0001
BMI (kg/m²)	−2.8	−4.0	−1.7	<0.0001	−4.7	−5.0	−4.3	<0.0001	−9.5	−10.3	−8.8	<0.0001
Waist circumference (cm)	−8.8	−11.1	−6.5	<0.0001	−10.2	−11.1	−9.3	<0.0001	−18.5	−19.5	−17.5	<0.0001
Blood pressure and hemodynamic parameters
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	−20.8	−28.8	−12.7	<0.0001	−22.0	−25.2	−18.9	<0.0001	−39.6	−42.9	−36.4	<0.0001
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	−9.9	−16.4	−3.3	<0.005	−14.0	−16.4	−11.6	<0.0001	−24.0	−26.4	−21.7	<0.0001
Heart rate (bpm)	−3.2	−7.9	1.6	NS	−2.9	−4.4	−1.4	<0.0005	−3.8	−5.0	−2.5	<0.0001
Pulse pressure (mmHg)	−11.0	−16.2	−5.8	<0.0001	−8.0	−10.1	−5.6	<0.0001	−15.4	−17.5	−13.3	<0.0001
Lipids
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	−2.7	−3.3	−2.0	<0.0001	−3.2	−3.5	−3.0	<0.0001	−3.6	−3.8	−3.4	<0.0001
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)	0.9	0.6	1.1	<0.0001	0.8	0.6	0.9	<0.0001	0.6	0.5	0.7	<0.0001
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)	−1.6	−2.1	−1.1	<0.0001	−2.3	−2.5	−2.1	<0.0001	−2.6	−2.8	−2.5	<0.0001
Triglyceride (mmol/L)	−1.0	−1.4	−0.7	<0.0001	−1.3	−1.5	−1.2	<0.0001	−1.6	−1.7	−1.5	<0.0001
Non-HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)	−6.9	−9.0	−4.8	<0.0001	−7.1	−8.0	−6.3	<0.0001	−7.5	−8.1	−6.8	<0.0001
Remnant cholesterol (mmol/L)	−1.9	−2.6	−1.2	<0.0001	−1.7	−1.9	−1.4	<0.0001	−1.6	−1.8	−1.4	<0.0001
Glycemic control
HbA_1c (%)	−1.9	−3.2	−0.5	<0.01	−3.4	−3.9	−2.9	<0.0001	−5.1	−5.9	−4.3	<0.0001
Fasting glucose (mmol/L)	−1.0	−1.6	−0.5	<0.0005	−1.2	−1.8	−0.5	<0.0005	−2.8	−3.1	−2.6	<0.0001
Quality of life
AMS	−47.9	−52.1	−43.6	<0.0001	−43.8	−45.8	−41.9	<0.0001	−50.3	−51.9	−48.6	<0.0001
Prostate parameters
Prostate volume (mL)	−0.7	−2.8	1.3	NS	−0.3	−0.5	1.1	NS	−0.4	−1.3	−0.5	NS
PSA (ng/mL)	−1.7	−2.7	−0.7	<0.001	−0.7	−1.2	−0.2	<0.01	−0.2	−0.7	0.2	NS
Erythropoiesis
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	1.0	0.6	1.5	<0.0001	0.4	0.3	0.6	<0.0001	0.6	0.4	0.7	<0.0001
Hematocrit (%)	4.7	2.3	7.1	<0.0005	2.4	1.6	3.1	<0.0001	2.0	1.3	2.6	<0.0001

NS non-significant

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Table 2 Estimated differences at 11 years between treated and control patients, adjusted for baseline age, BMI, fasting glucose, lipids, blood pressure, and quality of life (assessed by AMS).

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